Keeping your bees healthy and happy requires providing them with a consistent and reliable food source, especially during periods of nectar dearth or when establishing a new colony. A top feeder is a popular choice for supplementing your bees' diet, offering several advantages over other feeding methods. This guide will delve into the intricacies of top feeders, helping you choose the best option for your beekeeping needs.
What is a Top Feeder for Bees?
A top feeder is a beehive feeder designed to sit on top of the hive's inner cover, providing easy access for the bees to access the sugar syrup without disturbing the hive's internal structure. This placement minimizes disruption to the colony's natural behavior and reduces the risk of robbing by other bees or pests. They are particularly useful for established colonies and new packages.
Types of Top Bee Feeders
Several types of top feeders cater to different beekeeping preferences and hive configurations:
1. Entrance Feeders
While technically not a "top" feeder in the strictest sense, entrance feeders are worth mentioning. They are placed at the hive entrance and are good for smaller supplemental feedings. However, they are vulnerable to robbing and can attract unwanted attention. Not recommended for larger feedings or during times when robbing is prevalent.
2. Frame Feeders
These feeders fit within the hive's frames, often replacing one or two frames. They are integrated into the hive, offering a less obtrusive feeding method. However, they require removing frames to access and refill, which can disturb the colony. These are best for smaller hives or when a more discreet approach is needed.
3. Boardman Feeders
These are shallow containers with a series of floats or screens that allow the bees access to the syrup while preventing drowning. They're a popular choice due to their relatively simple design and ease of use. They typically sit atop the inner cover, often with a shim or other spacer for added height.
4. Hive-Top Feeders
These are generally larger capacity feeders, often designed to fit directly on top of the inner cover. They usually incorporate some kind of float system or inverted jar design to prevent drowning. The size and shape vary depending on the manufacturer.
How to Use a Top Feeder
The specific instructions will vary depending on the type of top feeder you're using. Generally, the process involves:
- Preparation: Ensure the feeder is clean and free of any debris.
- Filling: Prepare your sugar syrup solution (typically a 1:1 ratio of sugar to water, heated and thoroughly dissolved). Fill the feeder to the appropriate level.
- Placement: Carefully place the feeder on top of the inner cover. Ensure it's securely positioned to prevent spills or accidental removal by the bees.
- Monitoring: Regularly check the feeder's syrup level and refill as needed. Remove any debris or dead bees.
Choosing the Right Top Feeder for Your Needs
Consider these factors when selecting a top feeder:
- Hive size and configuration: Larger hives will benefit from larger-capacity feeders.
- Ease of use: Opt for a feeder that's easy to fill, clean, and monitor.
- Robbing prevention: Choose a design that minimizes the risk of robbing.
- Cost: Feeders range in price; find one that fits your budget.
What are the benefits of using a top feeder?
Top feeders are advantageous because they are easy to access, minimize disruption to the hive, and reduce the risk of robbing compared to other methods. They are generally preferred by beekeepers for their convenience and effectiveness.
What are the disadvantages of using a top feeder?
While generally well-regarded, some downsides include the potential for the feeder to become a source of moisture, leading to mold or other issues if not cleaned and monitored regularly. Also, some designs might require careful positioning to prevent spills.
How do I prevent bees from drowning in a top feeder?
Many modern top feeders incorporate features to prevent drowning, such as floats or screens. These provide the bees with access to the syrup while keeping them from submerging. Choose a reputable feeder design with these features to minimize the risk.
Are top feeders suitable for all types of beehives?
While most top feeders are designed for standard Langstroth hives, some designs might be adaptable to other hive types. Check compatibility before purchasing.
By carefully considering these factors and selecting the right top feeder, you can effectively supplement your bees' diet, supporting their health and productivity throughout the year. Remember to always practice responsible beekeeping techniques and prioritize the well-being of your colony.
